BACKGROUND: Babesia bovis is an apicomplexan intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite that induces babesiosis in cattle after transmission by ticks.During specific stages of the apicomplexan parasite lifecycle, such as the sporozoites of Plasmodium falciparum and tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii, host cells are targeted for invasion using a unique, act

Douglas W Mapel,1,* Melissa H Roberts,1,* Susan Sama,2 Priyanka J Bobbili,3 Wendy Y Cheng,3 Mei Sheng Duh,3 Catherine Nguyen,3 Philippe Thompson-Leduc,3 Melissa K Van Dyke,4 Kieran J Rothnie,4 Devi Sundaresan,2 Julia M Certa,5 Thomas S Whiting,5 Jennifer L Brown,5 Douglas W Roblin5 1College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, US

Borrelia recurrentis, the etiologic agent of louse-borne relapsing fever in humans, has evolved strategies, including antigenic variation, to evade immune defence, thereby causing severe diseases MASS VANILLA with high mortality rates.Here we identify for the first time a multifunctional surface lipoprotein of B.recurrentis, termed HcpA, and demons

Double-blind randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are viewed as the golden standard of drug research ORG VITAMIN C CHERRY SPRAY in Western medicine.However, RCTs are far from "golden" in many respects.They are impractical for many therapies, such as for surgeries and complex lifestyle changes.They encourage a one-size-fits-all approach to medical tr

Safe navigation is a key objective for autonomous applications, particularly those involving mobile tasks, to avoid dangerous situations and prevent harm to humans.However, the integration of a risk management process is not yet mandatory in robotics development.Ensuring safety using mobile robots is critical for many real-world applications, espec